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| 10 February 2003 20:59:26 |
| THE ASSESSMENT OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE |
| From that research we find out that there is a degradation in water quality and benthic macro-invertebrate community in Surabaya River on October 2002 compared to those on August 2002. We wanted to observe the impact of effluent spill from PT Aneka Kimia Nusantara on late of August so we sampled the water on October 2003 and fortunately we have monitored the water quality and benthic community in early of August before the effluent spill so we have a comparative data. We identified 19 species on August and 14 species on October. We suspect that this species decrease was caused by the spill and also by effluent from other industries along Surabaya River.From this study we should worry about the condition of the ecosystem of Surabaya River that keep getting degraded along 2002. The water was contaminated by mercury pollution that reach 0,0892 mg/l in water sampled at Driyorejo Station or 89 times bigger from the water quality standard (0,001 mg/l). We suspect the mercury source were from reused battery industry in Driyorejo and also from domestic waste such as battery and halogen lamp etc along Surabaya River.
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Surabaya River ecosystem was degraded since industrialization era on middle of seventies. The water cannot be used anymore for bath and wash by people around Surabaya River. The river biodiversity also degraded that many river species has extinct from the river such as freshwater turtle, fishes, frog etc. This research intended to monitor the water quality and benthic community of Surabaya River after the effluent spill of PT Aneka Kimia that load the river with organic substance. This research was conducted on August to November 2002.
The water quality of Surabaya River on October (after the spill) was fulfill the water quality standard according to the physical and chemical parameter such as temperature, DO, BOD and COD as noted in SK Gub 413/1997 or PP 82/2001 about Pollution Control of Water Resources. But the benthic community show a decrease in number of species and number of organisms.
Generally along 2002 the water quality was below the standard. Dilution from upstream by Perum Jasa Tirta was not solved the pollution problem and move the pollution down stream to the estuary that will threat the local fishery and contaminated the fishery product catch by the fisherman along east coast of Surabaya. Some pollutants will accumulated in the sediment and threat the river organisms.
The degradation of water quality of Surabaya River was especially caused by industrial pollution beside the waste from domestic and farming. ECOTON identified some causal factors i.e:
1) too many industries that spill their effluent to Surabaya River. The government did not consider the carrying capacity of the river to receive the pollutant load in development activity. There are more that 400 industries in Mojokerto to GUNUNG Sari Surabaya and they flow their effluents to Surabaya River.
2) The conversion of river banks to become resident and industrial land that bring some negative impact such as stress to the water organism, decrease of catchment area and house waste pollution that will cause flood in rainy season.
The water degradation was also indicated by the biodiversity decrease of benthic community. In 2001 ecoton identified 56 species, but in August 2002 it decrease to 19 species and become 14 species in October 2002 as shown in this table below.
Species of Benthic Macroinvertebrate found in Surabaya River on August and October 2001
A. Species makroinvertebrata on August
1. Fam.Unionidae Sp.1, 2. Fam.Unionidae Sp.2, 3. Corbicula lacunae, 4. Corbicula javanica. 5.Corbicula rivalis 6. Melanoides granivera 7. Melanoides tuberculata, 8. Melanoides Sp.1, 9. Melanoides Sp.2 10. Wattebledia crosseana,11. Sulcospira sulcospira, 12. Brotia testudinaria,13. Brotia Sp.1, 14. Thiara scabra, 15. Chironomus sp., 16. Tubifex tubifex,17. Lumbriculus variegatus, 18. Branchiura sowerbyi, 19. Haplotaxis gardioides
B. Species makroinvertebrata on October
1. Caenis moesta, 2. Coenagrion sp 1, 3. Micronecta sp 1, 4. Chironomus sp 1, 5. Hymenosomatidae spesies 1,
6. Palaemonidae spesies 1, 7. Cirolanides sp 1, 8. Corbicula javanica, 9. Corbicula rivalis, 10. Corbicula lacunae
11. Anentome helena, 12. Tubifex tubifex, 13. Haplotaxis gordoides, 14. Lumbriculus variegatus
From this study we should worry about the condition of the ecosystem of Surabaya River that keep getting degraded along 2002. The water was contaminated by mercury pollution that reach 0,0892 mg/l in water sampled at Driyorejo Station or 89 times bigger from the water quality standard (0,001 mg/l). We suspect the mercury source were from reused battery industry in Driyorejo and also from domestic waste such as battery and halogen lamp etc along Surabaya River.
Ecoton recommend to the government to:
1. stop the new industry development along Surabaya River
2. Monitor the water quality of Surabaya River regularly and not only count the physical and chemical parameter but also count the biological population such as bacterial and benthic community in the river
3. Involved people participation in river monitoring that should be prepared through environmental education to increase their understanding about their environment
4. Give strict punishment to anyone that pollute the river
5. Improve the water quality through integrated program that involved every district that flowed by Surabaya River
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| Pemasuk tulisan: Prigi Arisandi |
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| Detektif kali Surabaya melakukan inventarisasi keanekaragaman tumbuhan dibantaran kali |
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| Penelitian potensi tumbuhan obat dengan analisis vegetasi |
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| Team detektif kali Surabaya dalam sebuah acara di Jtv Surabaya, mengenalkan misi detektif kali Surabaya |
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